This book explores the main concerns for grappling with increasing environmental disasters and examines how environmental disasters are understood by states, corporations, and non-government organizations nationally and internationally. The focus of this book is threefold: first, to investigate what constitutes an environmental disaster and to identify the parameters for political responses nationally and internationally. Second, the chapters analyse contemporary state practices that exacerbate the impact of, and responses to, environmental disasters. They show how states promote extractivism based on limited understandings of nature drawn from Western philosophy. Finally, the book highlights the strengths and weaknesses in political and institutional responses at the local level to such disasters by state and non-state actors. This shows how both slow and fast violence of environmental disasters affects communities, but also how vulnerable subjects are based on people's capabilities. The Politics of 21st Century Environmental Disaster is an indispensable resource for students and scholars in political science and environmental studies. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Environmental Politics.

As pillars of the post-1945 international economic system the Regional and Sub-Regional Development Banks (RSDBs) have long been considered mini-World Banks, reiterating the policy approach of the largest official multilateral development lender in the world. The main objective of the collection is to identify what role the RSDBs play in global economic governance and why. This edited collection draws together cutting edge original research on these understudied institutions. In the burgeoning sub-field of global economic governance as well as the broader study of international organisations (IOs), too often the focus remains on the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Second-order IOs, such as the RSDBs, receive much less attention despite their longevity and regional importance. This volume corrects this oversight by bringing together methodologically diverse research on the RSDBs that interrogates the role and impact of these organisations in global economic governance. The book investigates: the African Development Bank (AfDB); the Asian Development Bank (AsDB); the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and select sub-regional development banks in comparison to the World Bank Group. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of IPE, IR and Development Studies.

Global governance now provides people with recourse for harm through International Grievance Mechanisms, such as the Independent Accountability Mechanisms of the Multilateral Development Banks. Yet little is known about how such mechanisms work. This Element examines how IGMs provide recourse for infringements of three procedural environmental rights: access to information, access to participation, and access to justice in environmental matters, as well as environmental protections drawn from the United Nations Guiding Principles and the World Bank's protection standards. A content analysis of 394 original IAM claims details how people invoke these rights. The sections then unpack how the IAMs provide community engagement through 'problem solving', and 'compliance investigations' that identify whether the harm resulted from the MDBs. Using a database of all known submissions to the IAMs (1,052 claims from 1994 to mid-2019), this Element demonstrate how the IAMs enable people to air their grievances, without necessarily solving their problems.

International organisations (IOs) are considered fundamental in addressing global problems, but how effective are they? Conflict (war), human rights, global health, financial governance, international trade, regionalisation, development and the environment are all issues that international organisations have been created to address. This book looks at these eight key issue areas and guides the reader through an analysis of the successes and failures of international organisations in solving issues in global politics. With an introduction to international relations theory, it incorporates the best and most up-to-date scholarly research, and applies it to examples from around the world to show how to answer the question, 'Are IOs a help or a hindrance?' This textbook is an essential resource for courses on global governance, international organisations and international relations. Including an expanded further reading list for each global issue, as well as a thorough bibliography of the most up-to-date research, this is a resource that will be useful during study and on into the future.

As pillars of the post-1945 international economic system, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are central to global economic policy debates. This book examines policy change at the IMF and the World Bank, providing a constructivist account of how and why they take up ideas and translate them into policy, creating what we call policy norms'. The authors compare processes of policy emergence and change and, using archival and interview data, analyse nine policy areas including gender, debt relief, and tax and pension reform. Each chapter traces the policy norm process in order to shed light on the main sources and mechanisms for norm change within international organisations. Owning Development details the strength of these policy norms which emerge, then either stabilise or decline. The book establishes valuable insights into the strength of current development policies propounded by international organisations and the possibility for change."

As pillars of the post-1945 international economic system the Regional and Sub-Regional Development Banks (RSDBs) have long been considered mini-World Banks, reiterating the policy approach of the largest official multilateral development lender in the world. The main objective of the collection is to identify what role the RSDBs play in global economic governance and why. This edited collection draws together cutting edge original research on these understudied institutions. In the burgeoning sub-field of global economic governance as well as the broader study of international organisations (IOs), too often the focus remains on the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Second-order IOs, such as the RSDBs, receive much less attention despite their longevity and regional importance. This volume corrects this oversight by bringing together methodologically diverse research on the RSDBs that interrogates the role and impact of these organisations in global economic governance. The book investigates: the African Development Bank (AfDB); the Asian Development Bank (AsDB); the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and select sub-regional development banks in comparison to the World Bank Group. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of IPE, IR and Development Studies.

As pillars of the post-1945 international economic system, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are central to global economic policy debates. This book examines policy change at the IMF and the World Bank, providing a constructivist account of how and why they take up ideas and translate them into policy, creating what we call 'policy norms'. The authors compare processes of policy emergence and change and, using archival and interview data, analyse nine policy areas including gender, debt relief, and tax and pension reform. Each chapter traces the policy norm process in order to shed light on the main sources and mechanisms for norm change within international organizations. Owning Development details the strength of these policy norms which emerge, then either stabilize or decline. The book establishes valuable insights into the strength of current development policies propounded by international organizations and the possibility for change.

This book shows how environmentalists have shaped the world's largest multilateral development lender, investment financier and political risk insurer to take up sustainable development. The book challenges an emerging consensus over international organisational change to argue that international organisations (IOs) are influenced by their social structure and may change their practices to reflect previously antithetical norms such as sustainable development. This important text locates sources of organisational change with environmentalists, thus demonstrating the ways in which non-state actors can effect change within large intergovernmental organisations through socialisation. It combines a theoretically sophisticated account of international organisation change with detailed empirical evidence of change in one issue area across three institutions. The book will be of interest to academics, postgraduate and upper undergraduate students in international relations, international political economy, environmental politics, development and globalisation studies and geography as well as policy makers, international bureaucrats and development practitioners. -- .

Paul Kerbajian

Paul Kerbajian, a renowned artist, was asked to paint in Turkish mosques in an effort to save his family and himself from the impending attacks on the Armenians. Paul was resistant to converting to Islam and refused to denounce Christ. His children witness the unfathomable fate of their parents. Set in 1915 during World War I, the story chronicles the events of four orphaned sisters and their perseverance, determination, and struggle to survive. One sister is separated from her siblings, wounded, thrown into a mass grave, and eventually sold into slavery. The other three sisters witness chilling scenes of torture, rape, and starvation during a long, arduous death march through the Syrian Desert. This book is inspired by an incredible true story of faith and survival. Through numerous twists and turns, this heart-wrenching story has an unexpected ending.

Paul Kerbajian

Paul Kerbajian, a renowned artist, was asked to paint in Turkish mosques in an effort to save his family and himself from the impending attacks on the Armenians. Paul was resistant to converting to Islam and refused to denounce Christ. His children witness the unfathomable fate of their parents. Set in 1915 during World War I, the story chronicles the events of four orphaned sisters and their perseverance, determination, and struggle to survive. One sister is separated from her siblings, wounded, thrown into a mass grave, and eventually sold into slavery. The other three sisters witness chilling scenes of torture, rape, and starvation during a long, arduous death march through the Syrian Desert. This book is inspired by an incredible true story of faith and survival. Through numerous twists and turns, this heart-wrenching story has an unexpected ending.

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International organisations (IOs) are considered fundamental in addressing global problems, but how effective are they? Conflict (war), human rights, global health, financial governance, international trade, regionalisation, development and the environment are all issues that international organisations have been created to address. This book looks at these eight key issue areas and guides the reader through an analysis of the successes and failures of international organisations in solving issues in global politics. With an introduction to international relations theory, it incorporates the best and most up-to-date scholarly research, and applies it to examples from around the world to show how to answer the question, 'Are IOs a help or a hindrance?' This textbook is an essential resource for courses on global governance, international organisations and international relations. Including an expanded further reading list for each global issue, as well as a thorough bibliography of the most up-to-date research, this is a resource that will be useful during study and on into the future.